Mumaguta makuru, mabhasikoro anoshandisa magetsi nemagetsi kutakura mitoro inorema zvishoma nezvishoma ari kutsiva marori enguva dzose.ups
Chipiri chega chega, mukomana ari pamahombekombe akatasva bhasikoro risinganzwisisike anomira pachivanze kunze kweKate ice cream shop muPortland, Oregon, kuti atore zvinhu zvitsva.
Akaisa mabhokisi makumi matatu eKate's merchandise-vegan ice cream newaffle cones uye marionberry cobbler-mubhegi refriji, ndokuisa pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu mubhokisi resimbi rakaiswa kuseri kwechigaro.Akatakura zvinhu zvinosvika 600 mapaundi, akatyaira akananga kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSandy Boulevard.
Imwe neimwe pedal sitiroko inokwidziridzwa neakanyarara mota yemagetsi yakavanzwa mune chassis.Pasinei nekuraira motokari yekutengeserana yemamita mana-yakafara, akatasva nzira yebhasikoro.
Mushure memamaira nehafu, bhasikoro rakasvika paB-line Urban Delivery warehouse.Iyo kambani iri pakati peguta, nhanho shoma kubva kuWillamette River.Anoburitsa zvinhu mumatura madiki uye ari pakati pematura makuru anowanzo takura mapasuru.
Chikamu chega chega chechiitiko ichi chakasiyana kubva kune mazhinji ekupedzisira maira nzira dzekutumira nhasi.Zviri nyore kufunga nezve B-line sevhisi seimwe Portland freak.Asi mapurojekiti akafanana ari kuwedzera mumaguta makuru eEurope akadai seParis neBerlin.Zvaingove zviri pamutemo muChicago;yakagamuchirwa muNew York City, uko Amazon.com Inc. ine mazana maviri emagetsi mabhasikoro emagetsi ekutumira.
Katelyn Williams, muridzi weaizikirimu, akati: “Kunobetsera nguva dzose kusava nerori huru yedhiziri.”
Ichi ndicho chinodiwa kuendesa pasirese remagetsi ekutakura zvinhu mabhasikoro kana emagetsi matatu matatu achiri kubuda.Icho chikamu chemabhasikoro emagetsi anofambisa-anobatsirwa ayo ave kuwedzera mukurumbira panguva yedenda.Vatsigiri vacho vanoti mota diki dzemagetsi dzinogona kufamba mukati mezvinhambwe zvishoma uye kuendesa zvinhu nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda muguta, uku ichideredza kuungana, ruzha uye kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nemarori eforogo.
Nekudaro, iyi hupfumi haisati yaratidzwa mumigwagwa yeUnited States inoda mota.Iyi nzira inoda kunyatso funga kuti zvinhu zvinopinda sei muguta.Imwe mhando yerudzi rutsva ine chokwadi chekukonzeresa kurwisana munzvimbo dzatozara nemotokari, vanochovha mabhasikoro, nevanofamba netsoka.
Electric cargo bikes imhinduro inogoneka kune imwe yematambudziko akaomarara mune logistics.Iwe unowana sei zvinhu kuburikidza nekupedzisira link kubva kuimba yekuchengetera kuenda kumusuwo?
Musoro wemusoro ndewekuti kunyange chido chekuendesa chinoratidzika sechisingagumi, nzvimbo yemugwagwa haisi.
Vagari vemuguta vanotoziva nezvepakapaka (uye zvakare kupaka) mavhani nematramu ane mwenje unopenya wengozi.Kune vanopfuura-nenzira, izvi zvinoreva kuwanda kwekusangana kwemotokari uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo.Kune vanotakura zvinhu, izvi zvinoreva kukwira kwemitengo yekutakura uye nguva inononoka yekutumira.Muna Gumiguru, vaongorori vepaYunivhesiti yeWashington vakawana kuti marori ekutakura akashandisa 28% yenguva yavo yekuendesa achitsvaga nzvimbo dzekupaka.
Mary Catherine Snyder, chipangamazano wokupaka motokari weGuta reSeattle, akataura kuti: “Kudiwa kwepombi yemigwagwa kwakakura zvikuru kupfuura zvatinoda chaizvoizvo.Guta reSeattle rakaedza matricycles emagetsi neUPS Inc. gore rapera.
Denda reCOVID-19 rakatowedzera nyonganyonga.Munguva yekuvhara-nguva, maindasitiri ebasa akadai seUPS neAmazon akawana peaks.Hofisi inogona kunge isina munhu, asi nzira yemudhorobha yakavharwa zvakare nevanotakura zvinhu vaishandisa Grubhub Inc. neDoorDash Inc. masevhisi kutakura chikafu kubva kuresitorendi kuenda kumba.
Kuedza kuri kuitika.Mamwe makambani ezvekutakura zvinhu ari kuyedza kukwanisa kwemutengi kudzivirira musuwo, uye panzvimbo pacho vanoisa mapakeji mumakiyi, kana mune yeAmazon, mubhutu remota.Drones inotogoneka, kunyangwe ingave yakadhura kunze kwekutakurwa kwezvinhu zvisingaremi, zvemhando yepamusoro senge mishonga.
Vatsigiri vacho vanoti tubhasikoro tutatu tunochinja-chinja anomhanya kupfuura marori uye anobudisa mhepo inodziya shoma.Inonyanya kufambiswa mutraffic, uye inogona kupakwa munzvimbo diki kana kunyange padivi penzira.
Zvinoenderana neongororo yemabhasikoro emagetsi akaiswa paUniversity yeToronto gore rapfuura, kutsiva marori ekutakura zvinhu nemabhasiketi emagetsi ekutakura zvinhu zvinogona kuderedza kubuda kwekabhoni ne1.9 metric toni pagore-kunyangwe akawanda emagetsi ekutakura mabhasiketi uye anogara achitakura marori anowanzo kudiwa Zvakawanda.
B-line CEO uye muvambi Franklin Jones (Franklin Jones) akati mune ichangoburwa webinar kuti denser nharaunda, inoderedza mutengo wekufambisa bhasikoro.
Kuti mabhasikoro emagetsi ekutakura zvinhu abudirire, shanduko yakakosha inofanirwa kuitwa: matura madiki emunharaunda.Mazhinji makambani anogadzira zvinhu anogadzirisa matura avo akakura pamucheto weguta.Nekudaro, nekuti huwandu hwemabhasikoro hwakanyanya kupfupika, vanoda zvivakwa zviri pedyo.Vanonzi mini hubs.
Iyi hotera diki inonzi logistics hotera yave kutoshandiswa muParis.Pamahombekombe aya, kambani yekutanga inonzi Reef Technology yakahwina madhora mazana manomwe emamiriyoni emari yekutsigira hub yayo munzvimbo yekupaka yeguta mwedzi wapera kuti ibatanidze kutakura maira ekupedzisira.
Sekureva kweBloomberg News, Amazon yakagadzirawo 1,000 diki nzvimbo dzekugovera muUnited States yose.
Sam Starr, anozvimiririra anozvimirira kutakura zvinhu muCanada, akati kushandisa mabhasikoro ekutakura zvinhu, aya mavhiri madiki anofanirwa kuparadzirwa mukati memakiromita maviri kusvika matanhatu, zvichienderana nekuwanda kweguta.
MuUnited States, kusvika parizvino, mhedzisiro ye-e-freight haina kukwana.Gore rapfuura, UPS yakawana muyedzo ye-e-cargo tricycle muSeattle kuti bhasikoro rakaunza mapaketi mashoma muawa kupfuura marori akajairwa munharaunda yakabatikana yeSeattle.
Ongororo iyi inotenda kuti kuyedza kunotora mwedzi mumwechete chete inogona kunge yakapfupika pakutakura mabhasikoro.Asi zvakare yakataura kuti zvakanakira mabhasikoro-diki saizi-ihwowo utera.
Ongororo iyi yakati: "Mabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu anogona kusashanda semarori."Kutakura kwavo kushoma kunoreva kuti vanogona kudzikisa kutakura pese pavanoshanya, uye vanofanirwa kurodha kakawanda.”
Muguta reNew York, mumwe muzvinabhizimisi anonzi Gregg Zuman, muvambi weRevolutionary Rickshaw, anga achiedza kuunza mabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu kuvanhu kwemakore gumi nemashanu apfuura.Achiri kushanda nesimba.
Pfungwa yekutanga yaZuman yaive yekugadzira batch yemagetsi matatu matatu muna 2005. Izvo hazvienderane nehoro yetekisi yemuguta.Muna 2007, Ministry of Motor Vehicles yakasarudza kuti mabhasikoro ekutengesa anogona kungotyairwa nevanhu, zvinoreva kuti haazofambisirwi nemagetsi emagetsi.rickshaw yechimurenga yakamiswa kweanopfuura makore gumi.
Gore rakapera waive mukana wekubvisa madhiri.New Yorkers, sevagari vemudhorobha pasirese pasirese, vakabatikana pamagetsi emumugwagwa scooters uye magetsi anobatsirwa mabhasikoro.
Muna Zvita, New York City yakabvumidza kuyedzwa kwemabhasikoro emagetsi ekutakura zvinhu muManhattan nemakambani makuru ekutakura zvinhu akadai seUPS, Amazon neDHL.Panguva imwecheteyo, vanopa mabasa ekufambisa vakaita seShiri, Uber neLime vakatarisa pamusika mukuru wenyika uye vakanyengetedza dare reparamende kuti rinyorese zviri pamutemo zvikukutu zvemagetsi nemabhasikoro.Muna Ndira, Gavhuna Andrew Cuomo (D) akasiya kushora kwake ndokudzika mutemo uyu.
VaZuman vakati: "Izvi zvinoita kuti tikunde."Akataura kuti anenge ese mabhasikoro emagetsi ekutakura zvinhu pamusika anokwana masendimita makumi mana nemasere.
Federal mutemo unoramba wakanyarara pamusoro penyaya yemabhasikoro emagetsi ekutakura zvinhu.Mumaguta nematunhu, kana paine mitemo, zvakasiyana chaizvo.
Muna Gumiguru, Chicago yakava rimwe remaguta ekutanga kugadzirisa mitemo.Makanzuru eguta akatendera mitemo inobvumidza marori emagetsi kufamba mumigwagwa yemabhasikoro.Vane hupamhi hwekumhanya kwe15 mph uye hupamhi hwemamita mana.Mutyairi anoda bhasikoro rinopfuura uye bhasikoro rinofanira kupakwa munzvimbo yenguva dzose yokupaka.
Mumwedzi gumi nemisere yapfuura, hofori ye e-commerce uye logistics yakataura kuti yakaisa mazana maviri emagetsi ekutakura mabhasiketi muManhattan neBrooklyn, uye inotarisira kuvandudza chirongwa ichi zvakanyanya.Mamwe makambani ekutakura zvinhu akadai seDHL neFedEx Corp. anewo e-cargo pilots, asi haana kukura seAmazon.
Zuman akati, "Mumakore mashoma anotevera, Amazon ichakura nekukurumidza mumusika uyu.""Vanongosimuka nekukurumidza pamberi pemunhu wese."
Amazon's bhizinesi modhi inopesana nePortland's B-mutsara.Haisi shuttle kubva kune mutengesi kuenda kuchitoro, asi kubva kuchitoro kuenda kune mutengi.Whole Foods Market Inc., supermarket ine organic yeAmazon, inoendesa magirosari kunzvimbo yeBrooklyn yeManhattan neWilliamsburg.
Uyezve, dhizaini yemotokari dzayo dzemagetsi zvakare akasiyana zvachose, izvo zvinoratidza kuti indasitiri iri kushanda sei padanho rechidiki iri.
Mota dzeAmazon hadzisi matricycles.Iri ibhasikoro remagetsi zvakajairika.Unogona kudhonza turera, woisunungura, uye wofamba uchipinda muimba yekutandarira yechivakwa.(Zuman anoidana kuti “vhiri rengoro revapfumi”.) Anenge ese mabhasikoro emagetsi ekutakura zvinhu anogadzirwa muEurope.Mune dzimwe nyika, mabhasikoro emagetsi anoshandiswa sezvitambi kana kutakura girosari.
Magadzirirwo ari pamusoro pemepu.Vamwe vanhu vanoita kuti mutasvi agare akati twasu, asi vamwe vakazembera.Vamwe vanoisa bhokisi rekutakura zvinhu kumashure, vamwe vanoisa bhokisi kumberi.Vamwe vari mumhepo, vamwe vachiputira mutyairi nedeko repurasitiki rinoonekera kuti mvura isanaya.
Jones, muvambi wePortland, akataura kuti guta rePortland haridi rezinesi reB-line uye haridi kubhadhara chero mari.Pamusoro pezvo, mutemo weOregon unobvumira mabhasikoro kuve nemasimba ekubatsira masimba-anosvika chiuru chewatts-kuti bhasikoro rive nekumhanya kunoenderana nekuyerera kwetraffic uye rine runako rwekugonesa chero munhu kukwira chikomo.
Akati: “Pasina izvi, taisakwanisa kuhaya vatyairi vakasiyana-siyana, uye paisazova nenguva yekutakura yatakaona.
Mutsara B unewo vatengi.Iyi ndiyo nzira yekuendesa yezvigadzirwa zvemuno zveNew Seasons Market, inova ketani yedunhu rezvitoro gumi nezvisere zvegirosari.Carlee Dempsey, Supply Chain Logistics Manager weNew Seasons, akati chirongwa ichi chakatanga makore mashanu apfuura, zvichiita kuti B-line ive murevereri wezvekurongeka pakati pevatengesi vezvitoro zana nemakumi maviri.
New Seasons inopa vatengesi imwe bhenefiti: inoita 30% yemari yavo yechikwereti B.Izvi zvinovabatsira kuti vadzivise vagovani vegirosari nemitengo yakakwira.
Mumwe mutengesi akadaro ndiAdam Berger, muridzi wePortland Company Rollenti Pasta.Asati atanga kushandisa B-line, anofanira kutumira kuNew Seasons Markets nekompakiti yake Scion xB zuva rose.
Iye akati: “Kwakanga kuri kwoutsinye.”"Kugovewa kwemamaira ekupedzisira ndiko kunotiuraya tese, ingave zvinhu zvakaoma, varimi kana vamwe."
Zvino, akatambidza bhokisi repasta kune B-line transporter ndokutsika pamusoro paro kuenda kuimba yekuchengetera 9 mamaira kubva.Vanozotakurwa kuzvitoro zvakasiyana nemarori emazuva ose.
Iye akati: "Ini ndinobva kuPortland, saka izvi zvese chikamu chenyaya.Ini ndiri wemuno, ndiri mhizha.Ini ndinogadzira zvimedu zvidiki.Ndinoda kuendesa bhasikoro kuti rienderane nebasa rangu.”"zvakanaka."
Kuendesa marobhoti uye mota dzemagetsi utility.Mufananidzo kunobva: Starship Technologies (robhoti rekutumira) / Ayro (motokari yakawanda)
Mufananidzo uyu uri padivi pemidziyo yekutakura yega yeStarship Technologies uye iyo Ayro Club Mota 411 yemagetsi utility mota.Starship Technologies (robhoti rekutumira) / Ayro (yakawanda-inoshanda mota)
Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vakati wandei vari kunongedzera iyo micro-ray kune yakajairwa kuendesa maturusi.Arcimoto Inc., inogadzira mota yemagetsi ine mavhiri matatu muOregon, iri kugamuchira maodha ekupedzisira mamaira shanduro yeDeliverator.Mumwe anopinda ndiAyro Inc., inogadzira magetsi mini-rori muTexas ine kumhanya kwakanyanya kwe25 mph.Hungangoita saizi yengoro yegorofu, mota dzayo dzinonyanya kuvharisa machira uye chikafu munzvimbo dzakadzikama dzemigwagwa dzakadai semaresitorendi nemayunivhesiti.
Asi CEO Rod Keller akati kambani yave kugadzira vhezheni inogona kufambiswa munzira, ine imba yekuchengetera chikafu chega.Mutengi icheni yekudyira yakaita seChipotle Mexican Grill Inc. kana Panera Bread Co., uye vanoedza kuendesa zvinhu kumusuwo wemutengi vasingabhadhare mari dziri kubhadhariswa nekambani yekuunza chikafu.
Kune rimwe divi mamicrorobhoti.San Francisco-based Starship Technologies iri kukurumidza kusimudzira musika wayo wemavhiri matanhatu kunze kwemugwagwa, usingapfuure doro rinotonhorera.Vanogona kufamba 4 mamaira radius uye vakakodzera kufamba munzira.
SaAyro, yakatanga pamusasa asi iri kuwedzera.Kambani iyi yakati pawebhusaiti yayo: "Kushanda nezvitoro nemaresitorendi, tinoita kutakura zvinhu zvemuno nekukurumidza, zvine hungwaru uye zvinodhura."
Idzi mota dzese dzine mota dzemagetsi, dzine zvinotevera zvakanakira: yakachena, yakanyarara uye iri nyore kuchaja.Asi mumaziso evarongi veguta, chikamu che "motokari" chatanga kusvibisa miganhu iyo yakaparadzanisa kare motokari kubva kumabhasikoro.
"Wakachinja rini kubva pabhasikoro kuenda kumota?"akabvunza muzvinabhizimusi weNew York Zuman."Uyu ndiwo mumwe wemiganhu isina kujeka yatinofanira kubata nayo."
Imwe yenzvimbo idzo maguta eAmerica angatanga kufunga nezve maitiro ekugadzirisa e-freight iri sikweya mamaira muSanta Monica, California.
Chiitiko ichi chiri kuuya 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games.Mubatanidzwa wedunhu unotarisira kudzikisira kubuda kwepombi yepombi munzvimbo dzemadhorobha nekota panguva iyoyo, kusanganisira chinangwa chakashinga chekushandura makumi matanhatu muzana emarori ekutakura epakati kuita marori emagetsi.Muna Chikumi wegore rino, Santa Monica akahwina mubairo wemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu ekugadzira nyika yekutanga zero-emission zone.
Santa Monica haigoni kuvasunungura chete, asiwo chengetedza gumi kusvika makumi maviri, uye ivo chete (nedzimwe motokari dzemagetsi) vanogona kupaka idzi curbs.Ndidzo nzvimbo dzekutanga dzakatsaurirwa e-cargo kupaka nzvimbo munyika.Iyo kamera inoongorora kuti nzvimbo yacho inoshandiswa sei.
“Uku kuongorora chaiko.Uyu mutyairi wendege chaiye.”akadaro Francis Stefan, uyo anotarisira chirongwa ichi semukuru weSanta Monica.
Guta reziro-emission zone kuchamhembe kweLos Angeles inosanganisira nzvimbo yedhorobha uye Third Street Promenade, imwe yenzvimbo dzekutenga dzakabatikana zvikuru muSouthern California.
"Kusarudza padivi pemugwagwa ndicho chinhu chose," akadaro Matt Peterson, sachigaro weTransportation Electrification Cooperation Organisation iyo yakasarudza Santa Monica."Une vakawanda vatori vechikamu munzvimbo yechikafu, nzvimbo yekuendesa, [bhizinesi-kune-bhizinesi] nzvimbo."
Chirongwa ichi hachizotanga kweimwe mwedzi mitanhatu, asi nyanzvi dzinoti kunetsana pakati pemabhasikoro emagetsi ekutakura zvinhu nemimwe nzira dzemabhasikoro hazvidzivisiki.
Lisa Nisenson, nyanzvi yezvekufamba paWGI, kambani yeruzhinji inogadzira zvivakwa, akati: “Pakarepo, kwakava neboka revanhu vaienda kunochovha, vafambi uye vebhizinesi."Kwakatanga kuzara vanhu."
Freight consultant Starr akataura kuti nekuda kwediki diki, zvikepe zvemagetsi zvinotakura zvinhu zvinogona kumira padivi penzira, kunyanya mu "nzvimbo yefenicha", inogarwa nemabhokisi etsamba, mapepanhau, zvigadziko zvemwenje nemiti.
Asi munzvimbo yakamanikana iyoyo, mabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu ari kutyaira achitevedza njanji dzemotokari dzinoshandisa zvisizvo ropafadzo: zvikuta zvemagetsi zvinozivikanwa nokukanganisa kufamba kwevanhu mumaguta akawanda.
Ethan Bergson, mutauriri weSeattle Department of Transportation, akati: "Zvakaoma kuona kuti vanhu vanopaka nemazvo kuitira kuti vasaite zvipingaidzo kune vakaremara padivi penzira."
Nissensen akataura kuti kana mota diki, dzinotakura vanhu dzichikwanisa kubata nemaitiro, saka maguta angangoda kugadzira imwe seti pane yaanodaidza kuti "mobile corridors", kureva, maviri seti evanhuwo zvavo uye imwe yemabhizinesi akareruka.
Kune zvakare mukana mune chimwe chikamu cheasphalt landscape iyo yakasiiwa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura: maalleys.
"Kutanga kufunga nezvekudzokera kunguva yemberi, kutora mamwe mabasa ekutengesa kubva mumugwagwa mukuru uye mukati memukati, umo pangave pasina mumwe kunze kwevanotakura marara zvine musoro?"Nisensen akabvunza.
Muchokwadi, ramangwana reiyo micro power kuendesa rinogona kudzokera kune yakapfuura.Mazhinji emarori edhiziri anofema, anofema mabhasikoro emagetsi anoda kutsiva ndeayo uye anoshanda neUPS, kambani yakavambwa muna 1907.