Mumaguta makuru, mabhasikoro anoshandisa magetsi nemagetsi ekufambisa mabhasikoro kutakura zvinhu zvinorema ari kutsiva marori ekutakura zvinhu zvemazuva ose.
Chipiri chega chega, murume ari pamhenderekedzo yegungwa anotasva bhasikoro risinganzwisisike remavhiri matatu anomira muchivanze kunze kwechitoro cheKate ice cream muPortland, Oregon, kuti atore zvinhu zvitsva.
Akaisa mabhokisi makumi matatu eice cream yaKate yevegan ine mawaffle cones nemarionberry cobbler mubhegi refiriji, ndokuiisa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu mubhokisi resimbi rakaiswa kuseri kwechigaro. Akatakura zvinhu zvinosvika mapaundi mazana matanhatu, akatyaira mota kuenda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSandy Boulevard.
Kurovera kwega kwega kwepedal kunowedzerwa nemota yemagetsi isina ruzha yakavanzwa muchassis. Kunyangwe achitungamira mota yekutengeserana ine upamhi hwemamita 1.5, akafamba nebhasikoro.
Mushure memakiromita gumi nehafu, bhasikoro remavhiri matatu rakasvika paB-line Urban Delivery warehouse. Kambani iyi iri pakati peguta, nhanho shoma kubva kuWillamette River. Anoburitsa zvinhu mumatura madiki uye ari pakati penzvimbo huru kupfuura matura makuru anowanzo takura mapakeji.
Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chemamiriro ezvinhu aya chakasiyana nenzira dzakawanda dzekutumira zvinhu dzemazuva ano. Zviri nyore kufunga nezvebasa reB-line seimwe nzira yePortland. Asi mapurojekiti akafanana ari kuwedzera mumaguta makuru eEurope akadai seParis neBerlin. Zvaive pamutemo muChicago; zvakatorwa muNew York City, uko Amazon.com Inc. ine mabhasikoro emagetsi mazana maviri akadaro ekutumira zvinhu.
Katelyn Williams, muridzi weaizikirimu, akati: “Zvinogara zvichibatsira kusava nerori hombe yedhiziri.”
Izvi ndizvo zvinodiwa kuti pave nemabhasikoro emagetsi kana mavhiri matatu emagetsi achiri kuchinja. Iboka remabhasikoro emagetsi anobatsira mapedal akawedzerwa mukurumbira munguva yedenda. Vatsigiri vanoti mota diki dzemagetsi dzinogona kufamba munzvimbo pfupi uye kuendesa zvinhu nekukurumidza munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda muguta, ukuwo dzichideredza kuzara kwevanhu, ruzha uye kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nemarori eforklift.
Zvisinei, hupfumi uhwu hahusati hwaratidzwa mumigwagwa yeUnited States inoda mota. Maitiro aya anoda kufunga patsva kuti zvinhu zvinopinda sei muguta. Rudzi rutsva rwemhuka dzemuno ruchakonzera kusawirirana munzvimbo dzatove dzakazara nemotokari, vanotasva mabhasikoro, nevanofamba netsoka.
Mabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu anogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rakaoma zvikuru mumabasa ekufambisa zvinhu. Ungawana sei zvinhu kuburikidza nekubatanidza kwekupedzisira kubva mudura kusvika pamusuwo?
Dambudziko guru nderekuti kunyange hazvo chishuwo chekupa zvinhu chichiita sechisina muganho, nzvimbo iri padivi pemugwagwa haina muganho.
Vagari vemuguta vatove vachiziva nezvemaveni nematramu akamiswa (uye akaiswazve) ane mwenje wengozi unopenya. Kune vanopfuura, izvi zvinoreva kuwanda kwemotokari uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kune vanotumira zvinhu, izvi zvinoreva mitengo yakakwira yekutumira zvinhu uye nguva inononoka yekutumira zvinhu. Muna Gumiguru, vaongorori vepaYunivhesiti yeWashington vakaona kuti marori ekutumira zvinhu aipedza 28% yenguva yavo yekutumira zvinhu vachitsvaga nzvimbo dzekupaka.
Mary Catherine Snyder, nyanzvi yekupaka mota muGuta reSeattle, akataura kuti: "Kudiwa kwemigwagwa kwakakura kupfuura zvatinoda chaizvo. Guta reSeattle rakaedza mavhiri matatu emagetsi neUPS Inc. gore rapera.
Denda reCOVID-19 rakatowedzera nyonganyonga. Munguva yekuvharirwa kwevanhu, maindasitiri ebasa akadai seUPS neAmazon akaona kukwira kwemitengo. Hofisi inogona kunge isina vanhu, asi mugwagwa weguta wakavharirwazve nevanoendesa zvinhu vakashandisa masevhisi eGrubhub Inc. neDoorDash Inc. kutakura chikafu kubva kuresitorendi kuenda kumba.
Kuedza uku kuri kuenderera mberi. Mamwe makambani ekutakura zvinhu ari kuyedza kukwanisa kwemutengi kudzivirira kupinda musuwo, uye panzvimbo pezvo akaisa mapakeji mumakaki, kana kuti kana iri nyaya yeAmazon, mubhuti remotokari. Madrone anotokwanisika, kunyangwe angave akadhura zvakanyanya kunze kwekutakura zvinhu zvakareruka, zvinodhura zvakanyanya zvakaita semishonga.
Vatsigiri vanoti mabhasikoro madiki, anochinjika-chinjika ane kumhanya kupfuura marori uye anokonzera kupiswa kushoma. Anogona kufambiswa zviri nyore mumotokari, uye anogona kumiswa munzvimbo diki kana kunyange panzira yekufamba netsoka.
Sekureva kweongororo yakaitwa pamabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu akaendeswa kuYunivhesiti yeToronto gore rapfuura, kutsiva marori ekutakura zvinhu nguva dzose nemabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu kunogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon ne1.9 metric tonnes pagore - kunyangwe mabhasikoro emagetsi akawanda anotakura zvinhu uye marori ekutakura zvinhu nguva dzose achiwanzodiwa.
Mukuru weB-line uye muvambi Franklin Jones (Franklin Jones) vakataura muwebhusaiti nguva pfupi yadarika kuti kana nharaunda ikawanda, mutengo wekufambisa mabhasikoro unoderedza.
Kuti mabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu abudirire, pane shanduko inokosha inofanira kuitwa: matura madiki emunharaunda. Makambani mazhinji ekutakura zvinhu anogadzirisa matura avo makuru pamucheto peguta. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuti mabhasikoro acho mapfupi, anoda nzvimbo dziri pedyo. Anonzi mamini hubs.
Iyi hotera diki inonzi logistics hotera yatove kushandiswa muParis. Pamhenderekedzo idzi, kambani itsva inonzi Reef Technology yakahwina mari inosvika mamiriyoni mazana manomwe emadhora ($700 miriyoni) mukutsigira nzvimbo yayo yekupaka mota muguta mwedzi wapera kusanganisira zvinhu zvinotumirwa nemotokari nguva pfupi yadarika.
Sekureva kweBloomberg News, Amazon yakagadzirawo nzvimbo diki dzinosvika chiuru dzekugovera zvinhu muUnited States yese.
Sam Starr, nyanzvi yezvekutakura zvinhu inochengetedza mafambiro emota muCanada, akati kuti mavhiri aya madiki anofanirwa kupararira mukati memakiromita maviri kusvika matanhatu, zvichienderana nehuwandu hweguta.
MuUnited States, kusvika pari zvino, mhedzisiro yekutakura zvinhu zvemagetsi haina kujeka. Gore rapfuura, UPS yakawana mukuyedzwa kwemabhasikoro emagetsi muSeattle kuti bhasikoro iri raitakura mapakeji mashoma muawa imwe chete kupfuura marori akajairwa munharaunda yakabatikana yeSeattle.
Chidzidzo ichi chinotenda kuti kuyedza kunotora mwedzi mumwe chete kungave kupfupi zvakanyanya kuti mabhasikoro asvike. Asi chakaratidzawo kuti zvakanakira mabhasikoro - madiki - zvakare kusasimba.
Chidzidzo chacho chakati: “Mabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu anogona kunge asina kushanda zvakanaka semarori.” Kusakwana kwekutakura zvinhu kwavo kunoreva kuti vanogona kuderedza kutumirwa kwezvinhu pese pavanoshanyira nzvimbo, uye vanofanirwa kurodha zvinhu kakawanda.”
MuNew York City, mumwe muzvinabhizinesi anonzi Gregg Zuman, muvambi weRevolutionary Rickshaw, anga achiedza kuunza mabhasikoro emagetsi kuvanhu vakawanda kwemakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Achiri kushanda nesimba.
Pfungwa yekutanga yaZuman yaive yekugadzira mabhasikoro emagetsi matatu muna 2005. Izvozvo hazvienderane nehoro yetekisi yeguta. Muna 2007, Ministry of Motors yakaona kuti mabhasikoro ekutengesa anogona kufambiswa nevanhu chete, zvinoreva kuti haazofambiswe nemota dzemagetsi. Rickshaw yechimurenga yakamiswa kwemakore anopfuura gumi.
Gore rapera raive mukana wekubvisa dambudziko iri. Vagari vemuNew York, sevanhu vanogara mumaguta pasi rese, vanofarira masikuta emagetsi emumigwagwa uye mabhasikoro anoshandiswa nemagetsi.
Muna Zvita, Guta reNew York rakabvumidza kuyedzwa kwemabhasikoro emagetsi muManhattan nemakambani makuru ekutakura zvinhu akadai seUPS, Amazon neDHL. Panguva imwe chete, makambani ekufambisa akaita seBird, Uber neLime akatarisa musika mukuru wenyika ndokunyengetedza dare reparamende kuti ribvumidze mabhasikoro emagetsi nemasikuta. Muna Ndira, Gavhuna Andrew Cuomo (D) akarega kupikisa kwake ndokuisa mutemo uyu pasi.
Zuman akati: “Izvi zvinoita kuti tide kukundwa.” Akataura kuti mabhasikoro ese emagetsi anotakura zvinhu ari pamusika ane upamhi hwemainji makumi mana nemasere.
Mutemo wehurumende unoramba wakanyarara panyaya yemabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu. Mumaguta nemadunhu, kana paine mitemo, yakasiyana zvikuru.
Muna Gumiguru, Chicago yakava rimwe remaguta ekutanga kunyora mitemo. Makanzura eguta akatendera mitemo inobvumira marori emagetsi kutyaira munzira dzemabhasikoro. Ane muganho wekumhanya we15 mph uye upamhi hwemamita mana. Mutyairi anoda pasipoti yebhasikoro uye bhasikoro rinofanira kumiswa munzvimbo yekupaka nguva dzose.
Mumwedzi gumi nemisere yapfuura, kambani ye e-commerce ne logistics yakataura kuti yakaisa mabhasikoro emagetsi anosvika mazana maviri muManhattan neBrooklyn, uye ine chinangwa chekuvandudza hurongwa uhwu zvakanyanya. Mamwe makambani e logistics akadai seDHL neFedEx Corp. anewo vatyairi ve e-cargo, asi haana kukura seAmazon.
Zuman akati, "Mumakore mashoma anotevera, Amazon ichakura nekukurumidza mumusika uyu." "Inomuka nekukurumidza pamberi pemunhu wese."
Mabhizinesi eAmazon anopesana neB-line yePortland. Haisi yekufambisa kubva kumutengesi kuenda kuchitoro, asi kubva kuchitoro kuenda kune mutengi. Whole Foods Market Inc., supermarket yeAmazon, inoendesa zvekudya kunharaunda yeBrooklyn yeManhattan neWilliamsburg.
Uyezve, dhizaini yemotokari dzayo dzemagetsi yakasiyana zvachose, izvo zvinoratidza kuti indasitiri iyi iri kushanda zvakanaka sei padanho iri diki.
Mota dzeAmazon hadzisi mota dzemavhiri matatu. Iri ibhasikoro remagetsi rakajairika. Unogona kudhonza tirela, woisunungura, wopinda mukamuri rekuvakira chivako. (Zuman anoidana kuti "vhiri revapfumi".) Mabhasikoro ese emagetsi anotakura zvinhu anogadzirwa muEurope. Mune dzimwe nyika, mabhasikoro emagetsi anoshandiswa semapureti kana kutakura zvekudya.
Dhizaini yacho iri pamepu yese. Vamwe vanhu vanoita kuti mutyairi agare akatwasuka, vamwe vakakotama. Vamwe vanoisa bhokisi rekutakura zvinhu kumashure, vamwe vanoisa bhokisi mberi. Vamwe vari panze, vamwe vachiputira mutyairi nepurasitiki inoonekera kudzivirira mvura kunaya.
Jones, muvambi wePortland, akati guta rePortland haridi rezenisi reB-line uye harifanirwe kubhadhara mari. Pamusoro pezvo, mutemo weOregon unobvumidza mabhasikoro kuti ave nemagetsi anobatsira ane simba - anosvika 1,000 watts - kuitira kuti bhasikoro rive nekumhanya kwakaenzana nekufamba kwemotokari uye rive nerunako rwekugonesa chero munhu kukwira gomo.
Akati: “Dai pasina izvi, tingadai tisingakwanise kuhaya vatyairi vakasiyana-siyana, uye paisazova nenguva yakatarwa yekutumira zvinhu sezvatakaona.”
Line B ine vatengi zvakare. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekutumira zvigadzirwa zvemuno zveNew Seasons Market, inova cheni yezvitoro gumi nemasere zvekutengesa zvekudya zvechisikigo. Carlee Dempsey, Maneja weSupply Chain Logistics weNew Seasons, akati chirongwa ichi chakatanga makore mashanu apfuura, zvichiita kuti B-line ive mutauriri wezvekutakura zvinhu pakati pevatengesi vezvitoro zvemuno zana nemakumi maviri.
New Seasons inopa vatengesi imwe bhenefiti: inobhadhara 30% yemari yavo yeB line. Izvi zvinovabatsira kudzivirira vagovanisi vezvitoro vanogara vachibhadhara mari yakawanda.
Mumwe wevatengesi vakadaro ndiAdam Berger, muridzi wePortland Company Rollenti Pasta. Asati atanga kushandisa B-line, anofanira kutumira kuNew Seasons Markets neScion xB yake diki zuva rese.
Akati: “Zvaingova hutsinye.” “Kugoverwa kwemaira ekupedzisira ndiko kunotiuraya tese, kungave kuri zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanaka, varimi kana vamwe.”
Iye zvino, akapa bhokisi repasta kumuchina wekutakura zvinhu weB-line ndokuritsika-tsika kuenda kuchitoro chiri makiromita gumi nematanhatu kubva ipapo. Zvinobva zvatakurwa kuenda kuzvitoro zvakasiyana-siyana nemarori emazuva ose.
Akati: “Ndiri wekuPortland, saka izvi zvese zviri munyaya yacho. Ndiri wemuno, ndiri mhizha. Ndinogadzira mabhatani madiki. Ndinoda kutakura mabhasikoro kuti ashande zvakanaka pabasa rangu.” “Zvakanaka kwazvo.”
Marobhoti ekutakura zvinhu nemotokari dzemagetsi. Mufananidzo unobva: Starship Technologies (robhoti rekutakura zvinhu) / Ayro (mota yemabasa akawanda)
Mufananidzo uri padivi pemidziyo yekutumira zvinhu yeStarship Technologies neAyro Club Car 411. Starship Technologies (robhoti rekutumira zvinhu) / Ayro (mota ine mabasa akawanda)
Varidzi vemabhizinesi vakati wandei vari kuratidza michina yekutakura zvinhu zve micro-ray. Arcimoto Inc., kambani inogadzira mota dzemagetsi dzine mavhiri matatu muOregon, iri kugamuchira maodha emhando yeDeliverator iri kure nemakiromita gumi nemaviri. Mumwe anopinda ndiAyro Inc., kambani inogadzira mota dzemagetsi muTexas dzinomhanya nekukurumidza kwe25 mph. Inenge saizi yengoro yegorofu, mota dzayo dzinotakura machira nechikafu munzvimbo dzakadzikama dzakadai senzvimbo dzekutandarira nemakampasi emayunivhesiti.
Asi CEO Rod Keller akati kambani iyi iri kugadzira mhando inogona kufambiswa mumugwagwa, ine nzvimbo yekuchengetera chikafu chega chega. Mutengi uyu iresitorendi yakaita seChipotle Mexican Grill Inc. kana Panera Bread Co., uye vanoedza kuendesa zvinhu pamusuwo wemutengi vasina kubhadhara mari inobhadharwa nekambani inotakura chikafu.
Kune rumwe rutivi kune marobhoti madiki. Starship Technologies iri muSan Francisco iri kukurumidza kuvandudza musika wayo wemotokari dzine mavhiri matanhatu dzisingadhuri, uyo usingapfuure madhishi ekutonhodza doro. Anogona kufamba daro remakiromita mana uye akakodzera kufamba netsoka.
Kufanana neAyro, zvakatanga pakoreji asi zviri kukura. Kambani iyi yakati pawebhusaiti yayo: “Tichishanda nezvitoro nemaresitorendi, tinoita kuti kutumirwa kwezvinhu munharaunda kukurumidze, kuve kwakangwara uye kusingadhuri zvakanyanya.”
Mota idzi dzese dzine mota dzemagetsi, dzine zvakanakira zvinotevera: dzakachena, dzakanyarara uye dziri nyore kuchaja. Asi mukuona kwevanoronga maguta, chikamu che "mota" chatanga kudzima miganhu yakaparadzanisa mota nemabhasikoro kwenguva refu.
"Wakachinja riini kubva pabhasikoro kuenda pamotokari?" akabvunza muzvinabhizinesi wekuNew York, Zuman. "Iyi ndeimwe yemiganhu isina kujeka yatinofanira kugadzirisa."
Imwe yenzvimbo uko maguta ekuAmerica angatanga kufunga nezvekudzora kutakura zvinhu nemagetsi inzvimbo iri kure nemakiromita masere muSanta Monica, California.
Chiitiko ichi ndecheMitambo yeOlympic yeLos Angeles ya2028 iri kuuya. Mubatanidzwa wedunhu unotarisira kuderedza kuburitswa kwepombi dzinoburitsa utsi munzvimbo dzemaguta nekota panguva iyoyo, kusanganisira chinangwa chakasimba chekushandura 60% yemarori ekutakura zvinhu ari pakati nepakati kuita marori emagetsi. Muna Chikumi wegore rino, Santa Monica yakahwina mari inosvika $350,000 yekugadzira nzvimbo yekutanga yekuendesa utsi munyika.
Santa Monica haingogone kungovasunungura chete, asiwo kuchengetedza mipendero yemumugwagwa inosvika gumi kusvika makumi maviri, uye ivo chete (nedzimwe mota dzemagetsi) ndivo vanogona kupaka mipendero iyi. Ndiwo nzvimbo dzekutanga dzakatsaurirwa dzekupaka mota dzemagetsi munyika. Kamera ichatevera mashandisirwo anoitwa nzvimbo iyi.
"Uku kuongorora chaiko. Uku kuongorora chaiko." akadaro Francis Stefan, uyo ari kutungamira chirongwa ichi semukuru wezvekufambisa muSanta Monica.
Nzvimbo yeguta isina utsi hunobva mumhepo kuchamhembe kweLos Angeles inosanganisira nzvimbo yepakati peguta neThird Street Promenade, imwe yenzvimbo dzekutenga dzakabatikana muSouthern California.
"Kusarudza nzira yemugwagwa ndicho chinhu chikuru," akadaro Matt Peterson, sachigaro weTransportation Electrification Cooperation Organisation yakasarudza Santa Monica. "Mune vanhu vakawanda vanotora chikamu munzvimbo dzekudya, nzvimbo dzekutumira, nzvimbo dze [bhizinesi-ku-bhizinesi]."
Chirongwa ichi hachizotanga kwemwedzi mitanhatu, asi nyanzvi dzinoti kusawirirana pakati pemabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu nedzimwe nzira dzemabhasikoro hakudzivisiki.
Lisa Nisenson, nyanzvi yezvekufamba netsoka paWGI, kambani yekuvaka zvivakwa zveveruzhinji, akati: “Kamwe kamwe, kwakava neboka revanhu vaifamba netsoka, vafambi nevemabhizinesi.” “Zvakatanga kuzara.”
Nyanzvi yezvekutakura zvinhu Starr akati nekuda kwenzvimbo diki dzayo, ngarava dzemagetsi dzinogona kumiswa munzira, kunyanya munzvimbo ye "fenicha", iyo ine mabhokisi etsamba, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera mapepanhau, nzvimbo dzemarambi nemiti.
Asi munzvimbo iyoyo yakamanikana, mabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu ari kufamba munzira dzemavhiri emotokari dzinoshandisa zvisirizvo kodzero: mascooter emagetsi anozivikanwa nekudzivirira kufamba kwevanhu mumaguta mazhinji.
Ethan Bergson, mutauriri weDhipatimendi reZvifambiso reSeattle, akati: "Zvakaoma kuona kuti vanhu vanopaka mota zvakanaka kuitira kuti vasava nezvipingamupinyi kune vakaremara munzira yekufamba netsoka."
Nissensen akati kana mota diki dzinotakura zvinhu dzichikwanisa kufambirana nezviri kuitika, maguta angangoda kugadzira imwe seti panzvimbo peyaanodaidza kuti "nzira dzinofamba", kureva kuti, seti mbiri dzevanhuwo zvavo uye imwe yemabhizimisi madiki.
Kunewo mukana mune imwe nzvimbo yetara yakasiyiwa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura: mipata.
"Kutanga kufunga nezvekudzokera kune ramangwana, kubvisa mamwe mabasa ekutengeserana mumugwagwa mukuru woenda nawo mukati meguta, uko kungave kusina mumwe kunze kwevanotakura marara ane musoro here?" Nisensen akabvunza.
Kutaura zvazviri, ramangwana rekupa simba remagetsi madiki rinogona kudzokera kumashure. Mazhinji emarori edhiziri asina kusimba, anofema ayo mabhasikoro emagetsi anotakura zvinhu anoda kutsiva ndeeUPS uye anoshandiswa nekambani yakavambwa muna 1907.